1) What
is Management ?
Management is the process of giving direction
and
controlling the various activities of the people to achieve the objectives of an organization.
2) Define:
Management.
According to
Knootz and Weihrich
“Management is
the process of designing and maintaining of an environment
in which individuals working
together in
groups efficiently accomplish
selected aims”.
3) Write some characteristics of Management
? Management
is a continuous process.
Manager use the resources of organization
both physical as
well as human achieve the goal.
Management aims
act
achieving the organization goals by ensuring
effective use of resources.
4) Write any two points favor for management as a science
Management
principle should
be verified. Reliable basis
for
predicting future.
5) what is time study ?
The movement
which take minimum time is the best one.
6) What
is motion study ?
Taylor suggested
the that eliminating wasteful
movements and performing only necessary movement
.
7) what
is authority ?
It is the power given
to a person to get work
from his subordinates.
8) what is responsibility ?
It is the amount of work from a man by his superior+.
9) Comment:
Management
is both –A science and an art
Management
is a science because it contains
general principles. It
is also an art
because it
requires certain
personal skills
achieve desired result
10) What
is centralization?
The organization
is centralized
when the power is concentrated with one person.
11) What
is decentralization ?
If the power is
fully distributed to the
subordinates
of the
organization.
12) what is Esprit-de-corps ?
This means union is strength. In
organization
employees
should be harmony and unity.
13)Write some important
functions
of top level management?
1)Top level
management.
2)Middle level management.
3)lower level management.
14)Write some important
functions
of top level management ?
1)To formulate goals and policies of the company.
2)To formulate budgets.
3)To appoint top executives.
15) Write the functions of
management
?
1) Planning.
2) Organizing.
3) Staffing.
4) coordinating.
5) controlling.
16) Define sole trade ?
The sole proprietorship
is that form of business organization
which owned and controlled
by
a single individual.
17) What
is partnership ?
A partnership is an association of
two or more persons
to carry on business and
to share its profit
and losses.
18) What
is joint stock company ?
Joint stock company is association of
many persons
who contribute money worth
to common stock and explaining source trade and
also share the profit and
losses.
19) What
is private limited
company ?
A private limited
company is a
company which
has
a minimum paid up capital dory be prescribed.
20) White is
a co-operative society ?
It is a voluntary association of persons for mutual benefit and
it aims are accomplished through
self heap
and
collective effort.
21) What
is a social responsibility ?
Society is the
part of the management
to interact actions
wither to protect social interest
a society.
22) Define planning .
Planning is the
process of selecting the objectives and
determining the course of action
required to achieve these objectives.
23) What
are
the main objective
of planning
Planning is a primary function of
organization It
helps
in achieving objectives It
done to cope with uncertainty and changeIt
helps in facilitating
control It helps in coordination Planning increases organization effectiveness
Planning
guides
in decision making
24)Define “Mission”
Mission may be defined as
“a
statement which
defines the
role that an
organization
plays
in the society”
25) Define “objectives”
The term “objective” or “ goals” are often used interchangeably.
Objective are the end results towards
which the
activities of attain
its objectives.
26) what is mean
by
strategy
`Strategy of an organization
is the programmers of action and
deployment
of resources
to attain its objectives.
27) what are the factors to
be considered while
formulating strategies
? Mission and objectives
of an organization.Values
, aspiration and
prejudices
of top level management
Opportunities
and threads of the external environment
. Strength
and weakness of the firm
in various
aspects such
as
funds , organization
structure , human talent , technology etc..
28) Define “ policies”
Policies are general statement
or understanding which
provide guidance in decision making to various
managers .
29) what is procedure?
Procedure is
a chronological order of action
required
to implement
a policy and to achieve an
objectives.
30)What
is programme ?
programme is
a broad
term
which includes goals , polices ,
procedure , rules , task assignment , step
to be taken, resources
to be employed to carryout a given
course of action.
31)Define budgets.
A budget is a statement of expected
result in numerical terms and
therefore , it may be referred
as a numerical
programmer.
32) What
is objective ?
Objectives are the aims, purposes or goals
that an organization
wants to achieve over varying period of time.
33) What
is MBO ?
MBO is a process
whereby
the superior
and the subordinate manager of an
enterprise jointly identify its
common goals, define
each
individuals major areas of
responsibility in terms of result expected
of him , and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and
the contribution of
each of its members
is assessed.
34) what is meant
by “strategy” ?
A strategy may also be
defined as a special type of plan prepared
for
meeting the challenge posted
by
the activities of competitors and
other environmental
forces.
35) What
are
the major kinds of
strategies and
policies ?
Growth, Finance,
organization
, personnel, products
or service and
market.
36) Write down any four factors which leads
to fail
of strategic planning.
Managers are inadequately prepare for strategic planning. The information
for
preparing the plans
is insufficient for planning for action. The goals
of the
Organization are too vague. The
business units are not clearly identified.
37) What
is planning premises ?
The assumptions about future derived from forecasting and
used
in planning are known as
planning premises.
38)What are the practices made in making
effective premising ? Selection
of premises.
Collection of
information..
Development
of alternative premises for contingency planning.
Verification of
the consistency of premises.
Communication of
planning premises.
39) Explain
the term decision and decision
making ?
A decision
may
be a direction to other to do or not to do ..Decision
–making is defined
as the process of choosing a course of action from
among
alternatives
to achieve a desired goal. It is one
of the functions of
management
and also a
core process of planning The management
executive
takes a number of decisions
every day. Thus,
a decisions
may
be rational or irrational.
The
best one
is selected
out of the available alternatives.
40) How
would you evaluate the importance of a decision
?
Decision making is a selection
process.
The best alternative is selected
out of many available alternatives.
Decision –making is a goal
–oriented process . Decisions are made
to achieve some goal
or objective.
Decision making is the
end process. It is preceded by detailed
discussion and selection of alternatives.
Decision making is a human and
rational process involving the application
of intellectual ablates. It involves deep thinking
and foreseeing things.
Decision making is a dynamic process. An individual takes a number of decisions
each day.
41) Mention the three approaches generally adapted by managers
in selections
an alternative ?
Quantitative
and Qualitative analysis.
Marginal
analysis.
Cost effectiveness
analysis.
42)Define Organizing
Organizing
is
the process
of identifying and grouping of activities
required to attain objectivities
, delegating authority,
creating the responsibility and
establishing relationship for the people to
work effectively.
43) What
do you
understand by effective organizing ?
Effective organizing focuses
on finding in present organizing avoids
organizational inflexibility and
makes the
staff work
effective
by avoiding conflicts
by clarification.
44) How informal
organization
characteristics
differ from formal
organization ?
It arises without any external cause
It is created
on the basis of some similarity among the member. The
bases
of similarity may be age, sex, place of birth,
caste, religion,
liking/ disliking etc…
Informal
organization
has no place in the organization
chart.
It is one of the parts of
total organization.
45) What
is span control ?
Span of control
means the number of people managed effective by a single superior in an
organization.
The term “Span
of control” is also
known as “Span of management”, “span of authority” ,and
“Span of responsibility” . But
span of management
is a better term because control and
supervision
are
elements of management.
46) What
is matrix structure ?
Matrix structure is a hybrid organizational form, containing characteristics
of both project and functional structures.
47) How can
we define power ?
“Power is
the probability that
one actor with in the relationship
will be in a position to carry out his
own despite resistance”.
48) What
is line authority ?
Line authority is
the direct authority
which
a superior exercises
over a number of subordinates to
carry out orders and instruction . IN organization
process,
authority is delegated to the
individuals to perform the activities.
49) What
is staff authority ?
The relationship between a staff manager with whom he works depends
in part on the staff duties.
50) Define staffing .
Staffing is
the part of the management process
which
is concerned
with
the procurement utilization
, maintenance and development of
large satisfied work
force on the organization.
51) Define Human resource planning.
“ Human resource planning is the
process by which an
organization
ensures that it has
the right number and all
kind of people at the right place at the right time
, capable of effectively and efficiently completion ,those tasks that
will help the organization
achieve its
overall objectives”.
52)What
is job analysis ?
Job analysis is a
detailed study of a job
to identify the skills, experience
and aptitude required
for
the job.
53) What
is job design ?
The job design is usually broad
enough to accommodate people’s
needs
and desires.
54) Define :
Recruitment
B. Flippo define recruitment
as “ The process
of searching for prospective
employees and
stimulating to apply for jobs
in the organization”.
55) What
is selection ?
Selection is the process of finding
out the most suitable
candidate to the job out of the candidates attracted
56) What
is grading method ?
It is one
of the trait-based appraisal
method. The actual performance of the employees
is measured against these grades . This
method is generally useful for
promotion based on performance .
57) What
is mean by resources
allocation ?
Manager is responsible for allocation
of money, material
and human resource in the
organization. He
utilizes minimum resource to give maximum profit to the organization.
58) Define the Peter principle.
The principle states
that every person in a
hierarchy tends
to rise to the level of his
incompetence .
59) Define :Training
According to B.Flippo “Training
is the act of increasing the knowledge and
skill of an employee for doing a
particular job”.
60)Define ;
Organizational
conflict .
According to
step “ conflict is a
process in which an
effort is purposefully
made by one person
or unit
to block another that
result
in frustrating the
attainment
of others goals of the furthering of his or
her interests.
61)What
is managerial grid ?
Managerial
grid
is behavioral theory of leadership. It plays an important role in managerial behavior in organizational
development.
62 )What
is meant by the term
directing ?
Directing may be defined as
the process of
instructing ,guiding
and inspiring human factors in the
organization
objectives. It is not only issuing
orders and
instructions by a superior to his subordinates
but also including process
of guiding and
inspiring them
to work effectively.
63) List down the human factors in managing ?
Multiplicity of roles.
Individuality. Personal
dignity.
64) Define creativity.
Creativity is
defined as the ability to produce new and useful
ideas through the
components in novel and
non obvious ways. Creativity exists throughout the populations, largely independent of
age , sex and
education.
65) What
is a SCAMPER tool ?
SCAMPER is
a checklist that helps
us to think of changes. We can make
to an existing product to create a new
one . these changes
can be used either as
direct suggestions or as starting points
for
lateral thinking.
66) What
is meant by reframing matrix
?
Reframing Matrix is a simple technique that
helps
to look at business problems from
a number of different
viewpoints. It expands the
range of creative
solutions that you can generate. The approach relies on the
fact that different
people with different
experience approach problems
in
different ways.
67) State the function of
mind mapping tool ?
This tool is similar to concept fan except
looking one step back from
main topic .A mind map consists
of a central word
or concept with 5 to10 main ideas
that relate to that
word , similar to creating a spider-web.
68) Mention the use of DO IT process
for creativity ?
DO IT is a process
for
creativity.
Techniques explained earlier in
this chapter focus on specific aspects of
creative thinking. DO IT bundles
them together introduce formal methods
of problem definition and
evaluation. These
help you
to get the
best out of the creativity techniques.
DO IT
is an acronym
that stands for:
D – Define problem
O – Open
mind and apply creative
techniques
I _ Identify best
solution
T _ Transform
69) Differentiate innovation
and invention. Innovation
means the use of creative ideas.
Invention
means really finding new things which are not already available.
70) How can be harmonizing objectives
achieved ? Mutual
trust.
Cooperation and
understanding.
Worker’s
participation in management,
and
Balancing the objectives of the organization with those of individuals.
71)Define “multiplicity of roles” .
Individuals are not only the productive factor in
management’s plans. They are members
of social system
of many organizations.
72) What
is meant by Brain
storming ?
Brainstorming is
an excellent
way
of developing
many creative solution
to a problem. It
works by focusing on a problem , and then
coming up with very
many radical
solutions to it . The essence of brainstorming is a creative
conference, ideally of a to 8 to12 people meeting
for
less than an
hour
to develop
a long listed
without criticism on a backboard or newsprint as
they
are offered
;
one visible idea leads
to others. At the end of this session , participants are asked
how the ideas could be combined
or improve.
73) Define motivation
According to
koonts and
O’Donnell,
“Motivation is a general terms
applying to the
entire class of drives, desires , needs
wishes and similar forces that
induce an individual or a group
of
people to work”
74) Names the
steps involved
in motivation process.
Analysis of
situation .
Preparing,
selecting and applying a set of
appropriate motivating tools. Follow
up.
75) What
are
the types of motivation
Positive motivation Negative motivation
Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic
motivation
76) What
is job enrichment ?
Job enrichment is therefore based on the assumptions that in order to
motivate personnel, the
job itself must provide
opportunities achievement , recognition,
responsibility, advancement
and
growth.
77) Define Leadership.
Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others
towards
the accomplishment of goals in a given
situation.
78) List out few leadership traits
The Michigan
studies
The Ohio
state university studies
The managerial grid
79) State House’s
path- goal
approach
.
Leaders are effective because of the influence on the followers
motivation, ability to perfume and
their satisfaction.
80) What
is Laissez- faire ?
Complete freedom is given
to the subordinate so that they plan , motivate, control
and otherwise be responsible for their own action.
81) What
is communication ?
Communication is the passing of information
from
one person to another
person.
82) Name the various types of
communication
Downward communication
Upward communication
Horizontal
or Lateral communication
83) Define control ?
According to
Knootz “ Controlling
to the measurement
and correction
of performance in order to make sure that enterprise objectives
and the plans devised
to attain them
are
accomplished”.
84) Why need of control in the
organization ?
Control
process
is universal.
Control is a
continuous process. Control is
action based.
Control
is forward looking.
85) Why need of control in the
organization ?
Control
can minimize the mistake .
To discover the deviations in the management
To minimum
dishonest behaviors of
employees.
86) What are the Inter –relationship
between planning and
end with control ? The
management process
of adjusting future action
on the basis of
information
about past performance.
Control
helps
in achieving them.
87) What
is Feedback Control ?
Feedback control
is the process of adjusting
future action on the basis
of information about past
performance.
88)What
is management by exception
?
Actual performance compare with
the standard performs
deviations which can not significant should
be avoid.
89) What
is concurrent control
?
This control measures
for taking
corrective action while an programmer
meet any obstacle in this activities.
90) What
is feed forward control
?
It is preventive in nature .
This control involves evaluation of
inputs and taking corrective
action before a particular operation
is completed.
91)What
is direct labour Budget
?
Direct labour Budget reveals the
expected labour
requirements during the
budget
period.
92) What
is fixed Budget ?
In this budget
in which targets are rigidly fixed
.This is a forecast
of the targets for the coming
fear prepared well in advance.
93)What
is flexible budget ?
A flexible budget is a
budget designed to change in the
level of activity.
94) What
is Internal Audit ?
Internal
audit is done by an
internal auditors who is
an employee of the
organization
. He examines the
objectives, policies,
plans procedures
and performance of the management
95) Define Productivity ?
Productivity
is a measure of how
much input is required to produce a
given
output .i.e. the ratio (output/input) is called productivity.
96) Define : OR
Operation Research
is a systematic analysis
of a problem through
scientific methods
,carried
out by appropriate specialists ,working together. As a team
, finding an optimum and the most appropriate solution
to meet the given
set
of constraints.
97) What
is JIT?
Just In Time Inventory system. In
this method the suppliers
delivers the materials
to the production spot just in time to be assembled .This method reduces cost
of inventory.
98) What
is value engineering?
It is a special
type of cost reduction and
product improved
technique.
99) What
is preventive control ?
An efficient
manager applies the
skills in managerial philosophy to eliminate undesirable activated which
are the reasons for poor management.
100) Define :
Multinational corporation.?
“ An enterprise which own
or control production
or service facilities outside the country in
which
they
are based “.
101) What
is Ethnocentric attitude ?
The manager orientation and
managerial
activities, operations was based
on that of the parent company.
102) What
is polycentric attitude
?
Polycentric attitude manager orientation was host country orientation
.
103) What
is geocentric attitude?
This type of managers
are trained to balance central ,local
and
global objectives.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1) Explain
the principle of F.W.Taylor theory.
2)Explain
the Henry Fayol
management
theory.
3)What
are
the major functions of
management explain.
4)Explain
management
is an art or science both science and art.
5)Explain
the types
of business organization.
6)Describe the various elements
in planning ?
7)What
are
different types of plans ?
8)Give an account of
various steps involved in planning ?
9)Describe the different objectives of planning ?
10)Explain
briefly the benefits and
weakness of MBO
?
11)Describe the steps
in rational decision
making ?
12)Explain
how formal organization
is different from informal organization
13)Discuss about
the factors
determining
an effective span of management
14)Write short
note on types of departmentation and
matrix organization
15)Explain
the concept of functional authority . How
do you
delegate ?
16)Explain
the concept of decentralization ?
17) Explain
the concept of motivation.
18) Write short
note on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
19) Explain
different styles
of leadership based on authority
20) Explain
the qualities required for effective leadership
21) What
are
the barriers of effective communication? Explain them
22) Discuss the
importance of
communication in a modern
industrial organization
23)
Explain the steps in the process of controlling.
24)
Explain the role of MIS play at various levels of management
25) What are the effective steps for direct
control and preventive control ?
26) What are the factors effect
the operations of the multi national enterprises
27)
Explain a unified global theory of management
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